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1 abstract science
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > abstract science
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2 abstract science
Общая лексика: фундаментальная наука -
3 abstract science
фундаментальная наукаАнгло-русский большой универсальный переводческий словарь > abstract science
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4 abstract
̘. ̈n.ˈæbstrækt
1. сущ.
1) абстракция, отвлеченное понятие;
отвлеченный термин in the abstract ≈ отвлеченно, абстрактно;
теоретически Money was a commodity she never thought about except in the abstract. ≈ Деньги были товаром, о котором она думала лишь теоретически. In the abstract there is nothing wrong with taking risks and assuming debts. ≈ Абстрактно, нет ничего плохого, когда человек рискует, беря в долг.
2) конспект;
резюме;
извлечение( из книги) ;
реферат, краткий обзор I was sent to pick up an abstract of the specifications. ≈ Меня послали найти краткий обзор спецификаций. abstract journal abstract service abstract of record evaluative abstract Syn: summary
3) юр. документ о правовом титуле Syn: abstract of title
4) произведение абстрактного искусства He persuaded her to change from abstracts to portraits. ≈ Он убедил ее перейти от абстрактных картин к портретам.
2. прил.
1) абстрактный, отвлеченный, умозрительный abstract entity ≈ абстрактная сущность abstract noun ≈ абстрактное имя существительное abstract words such as glory, honor, and courage ≈ отвлеченные слова, такие как слава, честь и храбрость Ant: concrete
2) трудный для понимания ;
малопонятный, неясный abstract problems ≈ непонятные, абстрактные проблемы Syn: abstruse
2)
3) теоретический starting with a few abstract principles ≈ отталкиваясь от нескольких теоретических принципов abstract science ≈ фундаментальная наука Syn: theoretical
4) фиктивный, номинальный He possessed only an abstract right. ≈ У него есть только номинальное право. Syn: formal
5) иск. абстрактный abstract art ≈ абстрактное искусство abstract expressionism ≈ абстрактный экспрессионизм (направление в американской живописи) abstract impressionism ≈ абстрактный импрессионизм abstract music ≈ абстрактная музыка
3. гл.
1) удалять, отнимать The letter was abstracted from the bag. ≈ Письмо было извлечено из портфеля. Syn: deduct, remove, take away, withdraw
2) извлекать( from) Syn: separate, withdraw, disengage
3) абстрагировать;
рассматривать отвлеченно
4) абстрагироваться abstracting from ≈ отвлекаясь от
5) резюмировать;
суммировать;
обобщать, реферировать Syn: summarize, sum up
6) разг. красть, прикарманивать;
увести abstract from эвф. ≈ украсть, незаметно извлечь The Susan abstracted the jewellery from the drawer. ≈ Сьюзен незаметно извлекла драгоценности из ящика. Syn: purloin, stealабстракция, отвлеченное понятие;
- in the * абстрактно, отвлеченно;
в теории, теоретически;
- justice in the * идея всеобщей справедливости;
справедливость вообще отвлеченный термин резюме, конспект, реферат, краткий обзор;
- * bulletin реферативный бюллетень (юридическое) документ о правовом титуле произведение абстрактного искусства;
- a geometric * in red and yellow абстрактная картина из красных и желтых геометрических фигур абстрактный, отвлеченный;
- * concept абстрактное понятие;
- * noun имя существительное отвлеченное теоретический;
- * mathematics чистая математика;
- * science фундаментальная наука трудный для понимания;
малопонятный, неясный;
- * speculations абстрактное теоретизирование (искусство) абстрактный, непрезентативный;
- * impressionism абстрактный импрессионизм;
- * music абстрактная музыка отнимать;
отделять, извлекать;
- the letter was *ed from the bag письмо было извлечено из портфеля;
- to * metal from ore извлекать металл из руды абстрагировать;
рассматривать отвлеченно;
- to * oneself from smth. отвлекаться от чего-л.;
- to * the notion of time and space рассматривать отвлеченно понятия времени и пространства абстрагироваться;
- *ing from отвлекаясь от реферировать;
резюмировать;
суммировать (разговорное) похитить, украсть;
увестиabstract вчт. абстрактная конструкция ~ a абстрактный, отвлеченный;
abstract art абстрактное искусство ~ вчт. абстрактный объект ~ абстракция, отвлеченное понятие;
in the abstract отвлеченно, абстрактно;
теоретически ~ абстракция ~ выдержка ~ выписка ~ документ о правовом титуле ~ извлекать ~ изложение содержания ~ конспект;
резюме;
извлечение (из книги) ~ конспект ~ разг. красть, прикарманивать ~ краткий обзор ~ краткое изложение содержания ~ краткое описание документов и фактов ~ отвлеченное понятие ~ отнимать ~ отнимать ~ резюме ~ резюмировать;
суммировать ~ реферат ~ сводка ~ a разг. теоретический ~ a трудный для понимания~ a абстрактный, отвлеченный;
abstract art абстрактное искусство~ of profit and loss account выписка из результативного счета ~ of profit and loss account выписка из счета прибылей и убытков~ of title справка о правовом титуле~ абстракция, отвлеченное понятие;
in the abstract отвлеченно, абстрактно;
теоретическиБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > abstract
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5 abstract
1. ['æbstrækt] сущ.1) абстракция, отвлечённое понятиеin the abstract — отвлечённо, абстрактно; теоретически
Money was a commodity she never thought about except in the abstract. — Деньги были предметом, о котором она думала лишь теоретически.
2) конспект; резюме; выдержка ( из книги); реферат, краткий обзор- abstract service
- abstract of recordSyn:3) юр.; = abstract of title документ о правовом титуле2. ['æbstrækt] прил.He persuaded her to change from abstracts to portraits. — Он убедил её перейти от абстрактных картин к портретам.
1) абстрактный, отвлечённыйAnt:2) трудный для понимания ; малопонятный, неясныйabstract problems — непонятные, абстрактные проблемы
Syn:Syn:4) формальный, номинальныйHe possessed only an abstract right. — Право у него есть только номинально.
Syn:5) иск. абстрактный3. [æb'strækt] гл.1) извлекать, получатьOne could safely abstract up to 13 mgd of water from the river. — Из реки можно без всякого риска забирать до 13 миллионов галлонов воды ежедневно.
Injury data were abstracted from the same source. — Сведения о травмах были почерпнуты из того же источника.
He had to abstract his meager living from the alms he begged. — Он жил подаяниями.
Syn:2)а) абстрагировать; рассматривать отвлечённоб) = abstract oneself абстрагироватьсяIt is impossible for him to abstract himself from the world. — Он не может абстрагироваться от мира.
We abstract from the concrete thing to a universal idea about it. — Мы абстрагируемся от конкретного предмета и обращаемся к обобщённому представлению о нём.
3) ['æbstrækt] резюмировать; суммировать; обобщать, реферироватьPages of notes have been abstracted into three short paragraphs. — Страницы записей были суммированы в три небольших абзаца.
Syn:4) эвф. украсть, прикарманить; стащить, увестиSusan accused him of abstracting some money from her purse. — Сьюзен обвинила его в том, что он лазил к ней в кошелёк за деньгами.
Syn: -
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1. [ʹæbstrækt] n1. 1) абстракция; отвлечённое понятиеin the abstract - абстрактно, отвлечённо; в теории, теоретически
justice in the abstract - идея всеобщей справедливости; справедливость вообще
2) отвлечённый термин2. резюме, конспект, реферат, краткий обзорabstract bulletin [journal] - реферативный бюллетень [журнал]
3. юр. документ о правовом титуле (тж. abstract of title)4. произведение абстрактного искусства2. [ʹæbstrækt] aa geometric abstract in red and yellow - абстрактная картина из красных и жёлтых геометрических фигур
1. абстрактный, отвлечённыйabstract noun - имя существительное отвлечённое /абстрактное/
2. теоретический3. трудный для понимания; малопонятный, неясный4. иск. абстрактный, непрезентативный3. [əbʹstrækt] vabstract impressionism [expressionism] - абстрактный импрессионизм [экспрессионизм]
1. отнимать; отделять, извлекатьthe letter was abstracted from the bag - письмо было извлечено из портфеля
2. 1) абстрагировать; рассматривать отвлечённоto abstract oneself /one's mind/ from smth. - отвлекаться от чего-л.
to abstract the notion of time and space - рассматривать отвлечённо понятия времени и пространства
2) абстрагироваться3. реферировать; резюмировать; суммировать4. разг. похитить, украсть; увести -
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I1. n1) абстракція, абстрактне поняття2) конспект; резюме; реферат; короткий огляд; витяг, виписка (з книги тощо)3) твір абстрактного мистецтва2. adj1) абстрактний2) важкий для розуміння3) теоретичнийIIv1) віднімати, відбирати, відокремлювати; витягувати2) відвертати, відволікати3) абстрагувати (ся)4) резюмувати, реферувати; підсумовувати5) евф. красти, викрадати6) хім. дистилювати* * *I n1) абстракція; абстрактне поняттяin the abstract — абстрактно; теоретично; абстрактний термін
2) резюме, конспект, реферат, короткий огляд3) юp. документ про правовий титул ( abstract of title)II a1) абстрактний, абстрагований2) теоретичний3) складний для розуміння; малозрозумілий, неясний4) миcт. непрезентативныйIII v1) віднімати; відокремлювати, витягати2) абстрагувати; розглядати абстрактно; абстрагуватися3) реферувати; резюмувати; підсумовувати4) розм. викрасти, украсти -
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I n1) абстракція; абстрактне поняттяin the abstract — абстрактно; теоретично; абстрактний термін
2) резюме, конспект, реферат, короткий огляд3) юp. документ про правовий титул ( abstract of title)II a1) абстрактний, абстрагований2) теоретичний3) складний для розуміння; малозрозумілий, неясний4) миcт. непрезентативныйIII v1) віднімати; відокремлювати, витягати2) абстрагувати; розглядати абстрактно; абстрагуватися3) реферувати; резюмувати; підсумовувати4) розм. викрасти, украсти -
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adj (#ly [adv]) apstraktan, nezbiljski; teorijski; mutan, teško razumljiv / # noun =apstraktna imenica; # science = apstraktna znanost; # mathematics = čista matematika; # ideas = apstraktni pojmovi* * *
abstrakt
apstrahirati
apstrakcija
apstrakt
apstraktni
izdvojiti
izvod
izvući
kratak izvadak
kratak pregled
neimenovan
odvojiti
odvratiti
razumijevanje
sadržaj
sadržaj, izvod
sažetak
sumirati
ukloniti
zakljuÄiti
zamišljen -
10 abstract bibliography
English-Russian big polytechnic dictionary > abstract bibliography
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11 abstract design
நுண்ணிய வடுவமைப்பு -
12 фундаментальная наука
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > фундаментальная наука
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13 фундаментальная наука
Русско-английский словарь по общей лексике > фундаментальная наука
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14 Knowledge
It is indeed an opinion strangely prevailing amongst men, that houses, mountains, rivers, and, in a word, all sensible objects, have an existence, natural or real, distinct from their being perceived by the understanding. But, with how great an assurance and acquiescence soever this principle may be entertained in the world, yet whoever shall find in his heart to call it into question may, if I mistake not, perceive it to involve a manifest contradiction. For, what are the forementioned objects but things we perceive by sense? and what do we perceive besides our own ideas or sensations? and is it not plainly repugnant that any one of these, or any combination of them, should exist unperceived? (Berkeley, 1996, Pt. I, No. 4, p. 25)It seems to me that the only objects of the abstract sciences or of demonstration are quantity and number, and that all attempts to extend this more perfect species of knowledge beyond these bounds are mere sophistry and illusion. As the component parts of quantity and number are entirely similar, their relations become intricate and involved; and nothing can be more curious, as well as useful, than to trace, by a variety of mediums, their equality or inequality, through their different appearances.But as all other ideas are clearly distinct and different from each other, we can never advance farther, by our utmost scrutiny, than to observe this diversity, and, by an obvious reflection, pronounce one thing not to be another. Or if there be any difficulty in these decisions, it proceeds entirely from the undeterminate meaning of words, which is corrected by juster definitions. That the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the squares of the other two sides cannot be known, let the terms be ever so exactly defined, without a train of reasoning and enquiry. But to convince us of this proposition, that where there is no property, there can be no injustice, it is only necessary to define the terms, and explain injustice to be a violation of property. This proposition is, indeed, nothing but a more imperfect definition. It is the same case with all those pretended syllogistical reasonings, which may be found in every other branch of learning, except the sciences of quantity and number; and these may safely, I think, be pronounced the only proper objects of knowledge and demonstration. (Hume, 1975, Sec. 12, Pt. 3, pp. 163-165)Our knowledge springs from two fundamental sources of the mind; the first is the capacity of receiving representations (the ability to receive impressions), the second is the power to know an object through these representations (spontaneity in the production of concepts).Through the first, an object is given to us; through the second, the object is thought in relation to that representation.... Intuition and concepts constitute, therefore, the elements of all our knowledge, so that neither concepts without intuition in some way corresponding to them, nor intuition without concepts, can yield knowledge. Both may be either pure or empirical.... Pure intuitions or pure concepts are possible only a priori; empirical intuitions and empirical concepts only a posteriori. If the receptivity of our mind, its power of receiving representations in so far as it is in any way affected, is to be called "sensibility," then the mind's power of producing representations from itself, the spontaneity of knowledge, should be called "understanding." Our nature is so constituted that our intuitions can never be other than sensible; that is, it contains only the mode in which we are affected by objects. The faculty, on the other hand, which enables us to think the object of sensible intuition is the understanding.... Without sensibility, no object would be given to us; without understanding, no object would be thought. Thoughts without content are empty; intuitions without concepts are blind. It is therefore just as necessary to make our concepts sensible, that is, to add the object to them in intuition, as to make our intuitions intelligible, that is to bring them under concepts. These two powers or capacities cannot exchange their functions. The understanding can intuit nothing, the senses can think nothing. Only through their union can knowledge arise. (Kant, 1933, Sec. 1, Pt. 2, B74-75 [p. 92])Metaphysics, as a natural disposition of Reason is real, but it is also, in itself, dialectical and deceptive.... Hence to attempt to draw our principles from it, and in their employment to follow this natural but none the less fallacious illusion can never produce science, but only an empty dialectical art, in which one school may indeed outdo the other, but none can ever attain a justifiable and lasting success. In order that, as a science, it may lay claim not merely to deceptive persuasion, but to insight and conviction, a Critique of Reason must exhibit in a complete system the whole stock of conceptions a priori, arranged according to their different sources-the Sensibility, the understanding, and the Reason; it must present a complete table of these conceptions, together with their analysis and all that can be deduced from them, but more especially the possibility of synthetic knowledge a priori by means of their deduction, the principles of its use, and finally, its boundaries....This much is certain: he who has once tried criticism will be sickened for ever of all the dogmatic trash he was compelled to content himself with before, because his Reason, requiring something, could find nothing better for its occupation. Criticism stands to the ordinary school metaphysics exactly in the same relation as chemistry to alchemy, or as astron omy to fortune-telling astrology. I guarantee that no one who has comprehended and thought out the conclusions of criticism, even in these Prolegomena, will ever return to the old sophistical pseudo-science. He will rather look forward with a kind of pleasure to a metaphysics, certainly now within his power, which requires no more preparatory discoveries, and which alone can procure for reason permanent satisfaction. (Kant, 1891, pp. 115-116)Knowledge is only real and can only be set forth fully in the form of science, in the form of system. Further, a so-called fundamental proposition or first principle of philosophy, even if it is true, it is yet none the less false, just because and in so far as it is merely a fundamental proposition, merely a first principle. It is for that reason easily refuted. The refutation consists in bringing out its defective character; and it is defective because it is merely the universal, merely a principle, the beginning. If the refutation is complete and thorough, it is derived and developed from the nature of the principle itself, and not accomplished by bringing in from elsewhere other counter-assurances and chance fancies. It would be strictly the development of the principle, and thus the completion of its deficiency, were it not that it misunderstands its own purport by taking account solely of the negative aspect of what it seeks to do, and is not conscious of the positive character of its process and result. The really positive working out of the beginning is at the same time just as much the very reverse: it is a negative attitude towards the principle we start from. Negative, that is to say, in its one-sided form, which consists in being primarily immediate, a mere purpose. It may therefore be regarded as a refutation of what constitutes the basis of the system; but more correctly it should be looked at as a demonstration that the basis or principle of the system is in point of fact merely its beginning. (Hegel, 1910, pp. 21-22)Knowledge, action, and evaluation are essentially connected. The primary and pervasive significance of knowledge lies in its guidance of action: knowing is for the sake of doing. And action, obviously, is rooted in evaluation. For a being which did not assign comparative values, deliberate action would be pointless; and for one which did not know, it would be impossible. Conversely, only an active being could have knowledge, and only such a being could assign values to anything beyond his own feelings. A creature which did not enter into the process of reality to alter in some part the future content of it, could apprehend a world only in the sense of intuitive or esthetic contemplation; and such contemplation would not possess the significance of knowledge but only that of enjoying and suffering. (Lewis, 1946, p. 1)"Evolutionary epistemology" is a branch of scholarship that applies the evolutionary perspective to an understanding of how knowledge develops. Knowledge always involves getting information. The most primitive way of acquiring it is through the sense of touch: amoebas and other simple organisms know what happens around them only if they can feel it with their "skins." The knowledge such an organism can have is strictly about what is in its immediate vicinity. After a huge jump in evolution, organisms learned to find out what was going on at a distance from them, without having to actually feel the environment. This jump involved the development of sense organs for processing information that was farther away. For a long time, the most important sources of knowledge were the nose, the eyes, and the ears. The next big advance occurred when organisms developed memory. Now information no longer needed to be present at all, and the animal could recall events and outcomes that happened in the past. Each one of these steps in the evolution of knowledge added important survival advantages to the species that was equipped to use it.Then, with the appearance in evolution of humans, an entirely new way of acquiring information developed. Up to this point, the processing of information was entirely intrasomatic.... But when speech appeared (and even more powerfully with the invention of writing), information processing became extrasomatic. After that point knowledge did not have to be stored in the genes, or in the memory traces of the brain; it could be passed on from one person to another through words, or it could be written down and stored on a permanent substance like stone, paper, or silicon chips-in any case, outside the fragile and impermanent nervous system. (Csikszentmihalyi, 1993, pp. 56-57)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Knowledge
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15 наука
ж1) science; study; (навики, знання) knowledgeприкладна (точна) наука — applied ( exact) science
природничі науки — natural ( physical) sciences
юридичні науки — jurisprudence, law
2) тк. одн. ( урок) lesson -
16 фундаментальная наука
General subject: abstract science, fundamental scienceУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > фундаментальная наука
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17 phenomenology
N1. दृश्य-घटना-विज्ञानPhenomenology is a term used in abstract science. -
18 αυτοεπιστήμη
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19 αὐτοεπιστήμη
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20 αυτοεπιστήμην
См. также в других словарях:
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